Top line: Public health policies to reduce obesity in children should include strategies to promote higher levels of physical activity, particularly activity that is of moderate intensity and above. Such levels are associated with lower levels of fat mass in early adolescence. The school journey is a key means by which children can achieve the recommended level of at least 1 hour of physical activity per day.

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Top line: It is a ‘convenient truth’ that climate mitigating interventions are health beneficial. Reduction in transport-related greenhouse-gas emissions through less motor vehicle use and increases in distances walked and cycled could have important health benefits.

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Top line: Neighbourhood green environments where people can walk are likely to contribute to residents’ physical and mental health. In order to promote community health through enhancement of the environment, the planning and design of neighbourhood open spaces need to emphasise the importance of “walkable” green spaces.

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Top line: As the population ages and lifespan increases, disabling conditions affecting elders will require transport solutions which both enables them to maintain a minimum acceptable level of accessibility but which are not so reliant on informal family care and potential negative effects on the health and wellbeing of informal care providers.

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Top line: a key issue in reducing health inequalities is a reduction of physical and social barriers to everyday opportunities for physical activities in people’s local environments.

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Top line: Improved cycling infrastructure through bicycle paths and lanes that provide a high degree of separation from motor traffic is likely to be important for increasing transportation cycling amongst under-represented population groups such as women.

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